Amelia Blake

Naturalization: The Path to U.S. Citizenship

Naturalization is the process by which a foreign national becomes a U.S. citizen. This comprehensive guide outlines the eligibility requirements, application process, and important considerations for those seeking U.S. citizenship.

Eligibility Requirements

To be eligible for naturalization under section 319(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), you must meet the following criteria:

1. Age: Be at least 18 years old when submitting Form N-400.

2. Permanent Residency: Have been a lawful permanent resident for at least 3 years immediately before filing Form N-400 if married to a U.S. citizen, or 5 years for other green card holders.

3. Marital Union: If applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen, have lived in marital union with your spouse for the 3 years preceding your application.

4. Residency:
- Have lived in the same state or USCIS district for at least 3 months before filing.
- Maintain continuous residence in the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident for at least 3 years (if married to a U.S. citizen) or 5 years (for other green card holders) before filing.
- Reside continuously in the U.S. from the date of application until naturalization.

5. Physical Presence: Be physically present in the U.S. for at least 18 months out of the 3 years immediately before filing.

6. Language and Civics: Demonstrate ability to read, write, and speak English, and have knowledge of U.S. history and government.

7. Good Moral Character: Exhibit good moral character for at least 3 years immediately before filing and until taking the Oath of Allegiance.

Additional Considerations

- Selective Service: Males aged 18-25 must have registered for Selective Service.
- Tax Compliance: Submit federal tax returns for the required residence period.
- Criminal Record: May affect eligibility; consult an immigration attorney if you have a criminal history.
- Voting and Citizenship Claims: Avoid false claims of U.S. citizenship or illegal voting attempts.

Application Process

1. File Form N-400: Complete and submit the Application for Naturalization online or by mail.

2. Pay Fees: $640 filing fee plus $85 biometrics fee.

3. Biometrics Appointment: Attend to provide fingerprints, photo, and signature.

4. Naturalization Interview:
- Answer questions about your application and marriage.
- Take English language and U.S. civics tests (exemptions may apply).

5. Oath of Allegiance: Attend a ceremony to take the Oath of Allegiance.

Timeline: The process typically takes 12 to 17.5 months from application to oath ceremony.

Resources

- USCIS Naturalization Eligibility Tool: https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/learn-about-citizenship/citizenship-and-naturalization/i-am-a-lawful-permanent-resident-of-5-years
- Form N-400, Application for Naturalization: https://www.uscis.gov/n-400

Disclaimer

The information presented in this article is intended for academic and marketing purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified immigration attorney or legal professional for accurate and up-to-date legal counsel specific to your individual circumstances. Laws and regulations are subject to change, and professional guidance is crucial to ensure compliance.

OpenSphere is a technology company and does not hold itself out as a law firm. It operates independently and is not affiliated with or endorsed by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) or any government entity. OpenSphere, its authors, and agents do not warrant the accuracy or real-world applicability of the information herein, nor are they liable for any damages arising from reliance on this information.